Whenever there is an area to be cut, the cutter need to traverse back and forth in order to cover the whole area. Most of the time the surface area to be cut is much bigger than the diameter of the cutter. As such, the cutter need to "Step Over" in order to cover the whole area. At the same time, the "Step Over" must be smaller than the diameter of the cutter in order not to leave a ridge of uncut material behind. Further complication is the use of a ball end mill, which can affect the surface roughness when the area is being machined. The waviness of the surface can be defined by the term "Scallop Height". With all these considerations, a set of mathematical procedure has been developed to help us to calculate the appropriate values. The video below is supposed to illustrate that. REMEMBER, when you are watching the video you can always pause it for you to think and absorb the detail.
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